The Advertisement by Cordaid Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Advertisement by Cordaid - Assignment Example The researcher states that the advertisement by Cordaid provides food for thought for every one of us. It reflects the fact that while we indulge in the luxuries, there are people literally dying of not getting the basic human needs. A very emotional appeal is used in the advertisement to make people pause and think with a broader perspective. It, in fact, has become very necessary for people to see outside their secluded comfort zone and take in to account the people who are barely making it. The fact that almost half the world which is over three billion people are living on less than $ 2.50 a day is reason enough to do that. The advertisement has a very mocking feel to it as well. The models are shown posing like any top model in Vogue selling outrageously expensive products. The use of irony to plea for aid while posing like a high profile fashion shoot, is in fact, a satire on the commercialism of the branded products. The ad is cashing and drawing on the guilt of the wealthy an d affluent for the donations. This ad is used to stir the feeling of guilt in the wealthy next time they choose to brand shop. So clearly the target market is people who are capable to donate and contribute towards the greater good of eradicating poverty. The ultimate message of the advertisement is amply conveyed through the effective and relevant illustration and captions. The visual comparisons of the price of one luxury item with the price of the provision of a basic and simple human need are clearly depicting that it takes a lot less to support a poverty-stricken person than to invest in a worldly luxurious item. The feel of the advertisement is quite depressing. The backdrop of a un-habitat and shabby, dreary and dry desert is creating a very depressing ambiance which was obviously the need of an advertisement prompting people to contribute and extend a helping hand to the poor. The visuals of the advertisement are working to reflect poverty at its extreme. The look of the mal -nutrition-ed model in a humble setting subtly and rightfully portrays the innumerable human beings greatly relying on us for their basic needs.

Personal creative coursework Essay Example for Free

Personal creative coursework Essay School has just finished and it is a dark and murky winter day, people were walking down the school hill having just had a chaotic day, as a result everyone was jus quiet. You could hear the sounds of the squirrels scuttling along the grass. Richard ran down the hill calling my name, he came up to me and called me an idiot in a joking way for not waiting for him. Richard is one of my good friends and when he is around he lets you know. He was well known in school by the teachers for his famous pranks. After we got down the hill we went to the sweet shop, Richard shared a joke or two with the shop owner then told me he was going to the chip shop and he would meet me at the train station later.(Richard is a chubby boy and gets wound up when people talk about his weight).  I was walking to the train station and checked the time, I saw that we were going to be late so I started to run .I saw Richard and told him to hurry up as usual he was eating. He started to run and as I looked around I saw people from my school with a look of shock on their face they have never seen him run before. We ran inside the train station then got on the train, the first thing I noticed was the smell of sweat, I saw Hugo and Thomas from my school and we all sat next to each other. We were talking and all of a sudden Hugo started shouting insults at Richard. Richard stood up and his faced looked like an oversized balloon .I could tell he was mad because his sentences were not coming out fully. I was thinking that the only reason that he stood up was because we were in front of people. (Richard is that kind of person he likes to make himself look big in front of an audience). Before I knew it we came to selhurst station and we exited the train. Thing first thing I saw was a boy stupidly sitting on the platform, I saw a train coming and I expected the boy to get up but he didnt. It was one of those fast trains that dont stop at any Station except for major stations like Gatwick. The train past the station and then the boy started to scream in agony. Richard looked at the boy and then started to laugh. (He never really took anything seriously).he looked again and then saw that the boy was not faking. Hugo stood there like a statue and I had noticed that Thomas had left the scenery. The boys right leg had been severed by the train and people just looked at him and decided to walk along like they had not seen anything. He was still lying there in pain as I looked at him I felt a cold shivers running down my spinal cord-I had never seen anything like it. Me Richard and Hugo then ran to the ticket office a told a man there that a boys leg had been severed by the train they called an ambulance then we left the station. The next day we went to school I had noticed that Richards attitude had change towards people I think the train experience has changed him.

Good Intentions Ruined by Boring Topics :: Personal Narrative Writing

Good Intentions Ruined by Boring Topics â€Å"I cannot believe that I got stuck with Rene Descartes for my Senior Project!† I said to Megan as we walked through the hallway to our ninth period class. Megan and I had been friends ever since the second grade, and often vented to each other when we were upset. â€Å"Oh trust me, I feel really sorry for you,† she replied with a sympathetic grin. She however, had one of the best topics, Elvis. That couldn’t possibly be very difficult. I must admit, I was beginning to feel a little jealous. A few weeks before our topics were assigned; we were instructed that our Senior Projects would be a lengthy research paper dealing with one of the top one hundred people of the twentieth century. I sat daydreaming of the people I believed would probably be on the list, beautiful movie stars and rock stars. My ideas of the one hundred most influential people of the century and The History Channel’s list of the most influential people defiantly shared different opinions. I am sure that the other students in the classroom at that time shared the same ideas that I had. This would be our very last high school project, the very project that we’ve anticipated all year long. For this last assignment, I wanted to write to impress. I wanted to show not only my classmates, but also my corky English teacher just what I was made of. I wanted to write a paper so great, that for years to come, people could examine my writing as a â€Å"perfect example†. Those aspirations were completely lost when we were finally assigned our topics. I remember the day well. It was a bright sunny day in late April. It was getting to the time of year when seniors began having meetings every week to discuss the upcoming class trip to New York City, class advisors were running through the blue-gray hallways to measure all of the upcoming graduates for their gowns, and the attitudes of all the students and even teachers were upbeat. The seniors especially were excited for the end of the school year. The bell to eighth period rang. We all scurried out of the lunch room like a herd of cattle.

Euphemisms: Nineteen Eighty-four and Politically Correct Language Essay

Euphemisms are everywhere in today’s society. They are a daily accessory used in today’s language and are such a normalcy that one does not notice them as strange. For hundreds of years people have used language to persuade people or even nations. With the more advanced society gets so does the language and thus this persuasion gets even more convincing. Many novels show examples of euphemisms. Among those novels includes 1984 by George Orwell. Euphemisms can range from being used in politics to media campaigns to one’s own home. Also, they can be used for multiple purposes such as good or evil. Euphemisms usually distort the truth and mislead although some are motivated by kindness (â€Å"Making Murder Respectable†). â€Å"Euphemisms are coded expressions that we use when whatever we are referring to is considered inappropriate for the circumstances or when we are embarrassed or uncomfortable with the literal version. As one might expect, many euphemisms relate to sex or death† (â€Å"Euphemisms†). There have been multiple arguments that euphemisms help make people more sensitive and politically correct while others say it hinders and clouds the language, diverting people’s true meaning. Euphemisms can either be bad or good but it is important to know when and also where to draw the line in using this language. In Orwell’s novel 1984 euphemisms is so prevalent and the language used in that book is so distorted, at first, from what today’s society uses. Then, as a longer look is taken there are connections made between the language of today and the language that the government in book created. In 1984, there are two languages; Oldspeak and Newspeak. Newspeak is the language that the government wants to be the only source of communication. They have altered Oldspeak into this new language and made it very simple and small. This helps guarantee that people will not b e able to communicate any elaborate ideas that could hurt the government. Along with shortening the language they have eliminated words that have a bad connotation and replaced them with words that sound â€Å"happier† just with rules of usage to imply they are bad (Orwell). This is a prime example of euphemisms are how it can be taken to extremes. Within the book there are specific examples such as The Ministry of Truth, which is a section of the government that makes sure that no truth is actually revealed and is based upon lies (Orwell). All of the euphemisms in the book are used to control people without them being aware what is actually happening. In today’s society euphemisms are used but they do not always have an underlying goal of evil. This language technique is so commonly used that is does not seem strange or manipulative. People who believe euphemisms or politically correct language are good tend think that they provide many virtues. Two of them are that they help reduce the social acceptability of using offensive terms and that they discourage the reflexive use of words that import a negative stereotype, thereby promoting conscious thinking about how to describe others fairly on their merits (O’Neill). Although this seems like a pleasant idea eventually the words chosen to soften the subject will still mean the same thing and eventually become just as offensive. A bully who used to call a kid retarded is still going to hurt his feelings when he calls him differently abled with a harsh tone (O’Neill). Just as calling a woman big boned opposed to fat will still make her upset if seemed to be used in a negative connotation. Not only are euphemisms used in America but also around the world included China, Japan, Egypt and Russia. Oral sex is referred to as â€Å"playing the bamboo flute† in Japanese. A prostitute accosting a client on the streets of Cairo will ask â€Å"Fi hadd bitaghsal hudoumak† which literally means, â€Å"Do you have someone to wash your clothes† (Making Murder Respectable). This proves that euphemisms have been around a long time and are not something new.Orwell did mention that euphemisms can be sneaky and coercive while cloaking a decision’s unpleasant results. This is exampled in news about war when soldiers or just civilians have died and it is referred to as â€Å"collateral damage† (Making Murder Respectable). It has been argued if euphemisms are good or bad but it mostly depends on the extent of use and the situation in which is it veiling. There is no doubt that euphemisms will continue to be used in today’s society and for future generations to come. Works Citied â€Å"Euphemisms.† Euphemisms. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. â€Å"Making Murder Respectable.† The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, 17 Dec. 2011. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. O’Neill, Ben. â€Å"A critique of politically correct language† The Free Library 22 September 2011. 06 November 2012 Orwell, George. 1984: a novel. New York, N.Y.: Published by Signet Classic :, 1977. Print.

Motivational Interviewing: How It Works With Native Americans Essay

The Motivational Interviewing and Stages of Change approach is complementary to the cultural values of Native American people and emphasizes listening, learning, and respect. Addictions in this day and time can be contributed to many factors and effect every ethnicity of people. Substance addiction has even affected the smallest ethnicity of people, Native Americans since their encounter with white people. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has even helped Native Americans through counselors learning and implementing the techniques. Even though clients are naturally resistant to change, utilizing the three pillars are very effective in helping even Native American people because expressing empathy shows that you care and developing discrepancy between client’s present behaviors and values & beliefs. Counselors today need to be trained in MI and cross culturally trained also to better serve individuals. I would through MI be empathic and express it through reflective listening, paraphrase what I hear from the client, ask them let me see if I am hearing you correctly, You are saying†¦.., I would communicate respectfully with the client, be supportive and establish a non-judgmental therapeutic relationship with the client. There are some great CBT techniques alone with homework assignments to help deal with the shame and embarrassment that a client is feeling about their substance use or other problems that are going on. CBT can be self talk with positive statements to themselves, daily mood and thought record and etc. There are so many techniques that can be utilized with MI to help a client even through shame. As a counselor, I will utilize the following principles known also as pillars with MI to help motivate my clients: expressing empathy through reflective listening, developing discrepancy between client’s present behavior and values & beliefs, rolling with resistance by avoiding arguments & confrontation also adjust to the resistance, and last support self-efficacy by affirming clients strengths and allowing freedom and choice. First pillar that would be utilized is expressing empathy. Expressing empathy means to understand my client, know and respect where they are in the stage of change, and using reflective listening by using reflection, paraphrasing, or summarizing what has been stated by the client. For example, so let me get this right you said †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , Did I get that right? Okay, let me see if I understand what you are feeling right now. In other words walk a mile in their moccasins and know where they are coming from. Second, pillar that would be used is developing discrepancy by getting the client to see that their behaviors that they are exhibiting does not reflect what they have stated that is their values, beliefs, and morals. I would listen to my clients, reflecting, and ask open ended-question. According to Capuzzi & Stauffer (2012), â€Å"When a client is able to experience an internal discrepancy between his or her current behaviors and his or her values, beliefs, and goals, the change process can begin. This is due in large part to the underlying principle of cognitive dissonance (p.131). Third pillar is rolling with resistance which is where a client is resistant to change than as a counselor I would not argue with the client, I will ask the client to tell me more about their view point so that I can understand where they are coming from more. Most important avoid labeling a client. I would ask open-ended questions to invite them in to talk more about what they believe is their reason for not wanting to change, engage in problem solving, or maybe reflecting back their values, beliefs, and goals (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012). Last pillar is support self-efficacy which is fostering the client’s belief that they can make the necessary changes successfully, making sure the client knows that they are responsible for deciding to change and carrying out the change, let the client know my belief that they can change, and guide client to explore alternative problem solving solutions or approaches to change (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012). In conclusion, I learned that if a counselor is trained in MI and understands how to deliver the techniques with clients that it would be an effective technique with clients to motivate the stage of changes. For instance, â€Å"data from the current survey collected in a Native American community suggest that MI may be well suited as an intervention to prevent underage drinking and that a MI research program to reduce underage drinking would be generally well tolerated in this reservation community (Tonigan, Miller, & Villanueva, 2007). References Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. (Eds.). (2012). Foundations of addiction counseling (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. Tonigan, J. S., Miller, W. R., & Villanueva, M. (2007). Response of native american clients to three treatment methods for alcohol dependence Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,url,cookie,uid&an=28650827&db=ehh&scope=site&site=ehost; http://xs6th8dt4r.search.serialssolutions.com.library.gcu.edu:2048?sid=CentralSearch:EDJ&genre=article&atitle=Response+of+Native+American+Clients+to+Three+Treatment+Methods+for+Alcohol+Dependence.&volume=6&issue=2&title=Journal+of+Ethnicity+in+Substance+Abuse&issn=1533-2640&date=2007-06-01&spage=41&aulast=Tonigan&aufirst=J

Death of a Salesman1 essays

Death of a Salesman1 essays Do we have the ability to control our destiny? The truth is this, one can set their goals and try to attain them and one can dreams their dreams and try to live them but the difference must be known. The character Willy Loman, in the play Death of A Salesman, seems to be a person who is not aware of the difference in reality and dreams. Willys choices throughout his life undeniably lead to his own demise. Willy Loman is a tragic hero. His fear is that he wants to be viewed as a good, decent human being. He wants to believe that hes a well-liked, decent person who doesnt make mistakes. The truth is that he makes mistakes, many that haunt him, and that he is human. Willy does not consider this normal and severely regrets such failures such as raising his children poorly, as he sees it, not doing well in business, though he wishes he were, and cheating on his wife Linda, showing her to be a commodity of which he takes advantage. Linda has a true, pure love for her husband. Linda stands behind him through it all, through his dreams and broken promises, she still believes in him. "The quality in such plays that does shake us... derives from the underlying fear of being displaced, the disaster inherent in being torn away from our chosen image of what and who we are in the world" (Miller, "Tragedy..."). Willys "underlying fear of being displaced" is the real tragedy. He wants to do things right, but the fact is he has many incidences that haunt him. Consistently throughout the play, Willy drifts in and out of a dream. He is constantly haunted by memories of his dead brother Ben who struck it rich the jungle. He also has flashbacks of incidents that haunt him in other areas. For example, the sequence in which Biff catches Willy with a woman other than Linda. This haunts Willy because he sees it as part of why Biff does not love him. "Tragedy then is the consequence of a mans total compulsi...

Definition and Examples of Illustration in Composition

Definition and Examples of Illustration in Composition In rhetoric and composition, the word illustration  refers to an example  or  anecdote  thats used to explain, clarify, or justify a point. And the word illustration, pronounced [IL-eh-STRAY-shun], is from the Latin Illustrationem, which means vivid representation. In writing an illustration, says James A. Reinking, we try to show readers something truthful about our understanding of the world. They wouldnt read what we have written if they suspected we were unusually careless in our thinking, or if they thought we were trying to deceive them by skewing our evidence or distorting our examples. (Strategies for Successful Writing. 8th ed., 2007.) Examples and Observations of Illustration The Function of Illustration Illustration is the use of examples to make ideas more concrete and to make generalizations more specific and detailed. Examples enable writers not just to tell but to show what they mean. For example, an essay about recently developed alternative sources of energy becomes clear and interesting with the use of some examples- say, solar energy or the heat from the earths core. The more specific the example, the more effective it is. Along with general statements about solar energy, the writer might offer several examples of how the home building industry is installing solar collectors instead of conventional hot water systems, or building solar greenhouses to replace conventional central heating. (Rosa, Alfred and Paul Eschholz.  Models for Writers. St. Martins Press, 1982.) Joe Queenans Illustrations: You Cant Fight City Hall ​Books, I think, are dead. You cannot fight the zeitgeist, and you cannot fight corporations. The genius of corporations is that they force you to make decisions about how you will live your life and then beguile you into thinking that it was all your choice. Compact discs are not superior to vinyl. E-readers are not superior to books. Lite beer is not the great leap forward. A society that replaces seven-tier wedding cakes with lo-fat cupcakes is a society that deserves to be put to the sword. But you can’t fight City Hall. (Queenan, Joe. interviewed by John  Williams  in ‘Books, I Think, Are Dead’: Joe Queenan Talks About ‘One for the Books.’  The New York Times, Nov. 30, 2012.) Tom Destry Jr.s Illustration: Stick to Your Own Trade Nobodys gonna set themselves up above the law around here, you understand? I got something to say to you. I think maybe I could illustrate it a little better if I told you a story. I used to have a friend that was an opry singer. Then he went into the cement business, and one day he fell into the cement. And now hes the cornerstone of the post office in St. Louis, Missouri. He should have stuck to his own trade. You better stick to yours. (James Stewart as Tom Destry in  the film Destry Rides Again, 1939.) Don Murrays Illustration of Writers as Dawdlers Even the most productive writers are expert dawdlers, doers of unnecessary errands, seekers of interruptions- trials to their wives or husbands, associates, and themselves. They sharpen well-pointed pencils and go out to buy more blank paper, rearrange offices, wander through libraries and bookstores, chop wood, walk, drive, make unnecessary calls, nap, daydream, and try not consciously to think about what they are going to write so they can think subconsciously about it. (Murray, Donald M. Write Before Writing.  The Essential Don Murray: Lessons from Americas Greatest Writing Teacher, Heinemann, 2009.) T.H. Huxleys Illustration of the Word Fish If any one wants to exemplify the meaning of the word fish, he cannot choose a better animal than a herring. The body, tapering to each end, is covered with thin, flexible scales, which are very easily rubbed off. The taper head, with its underhung jaw, is smooth and scaleless on the top; the large eye is partly covered by two folds of transparent skin, like eyelids- only immovable and with the slit between them vertical instead of horizontal; the cleft behind the gill cover is very wide, and, when the cover is raised, the large red gills which lie beneath it are freely exposed. The rounded back bears the single moderately long dorsal fin about its middle. (Huxley, Thomas Henry. The Herring. Lecture delivered at the National Fishery Exhibition, Norwich, April 21, 1881.) Charles Darwins Illustration: All True Classification Is Genealogical It may be worthwhile to illustrate this view of classification, by taking the case of languages. If we possessed a perfect pedigree of mankind, a genealogical arrangement of the races of man would afford the best classification of the various languages now spoken throughout the world; and if all extinct languages, and all intermediate and slowly changing dialects, were to be included, such an arrangement would be the only possible one. Yet it might be that some ancient languages had altered very little and had given rise to few new languages, whilst others (owing to the spreading and subsequent isolation and states of civilisation of the several races, descended from a common race) had altered much, and had given rise to many new languages and dialects. The various degrees of difference in the languages from the same stock, would have to be expressed by groups subordinate to groups; but the proper or even only possible arrangement would still be genealogical; and this would be strict ly natural, as it would connect together all languages, extinct and modern, by the closest affinities, and would give the filiation and origin of each tongue. (Darwin,  Charles. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. 1859.)

10 Exercises to Become a Better Writer

10 Exercises to Become a Better Writer 10 Exercises to Become a Better Writer It’s true that practice makes perfect, so if you want to polish your writing abilities and become a better writer, the best thing to do is - you guessed it - practice! From creating your setting to beating writer’s block, we share ten exercises that can help you sharpen your skill set. Some of these come from different Reedsy Learning courses, so be sure to sign up to get even more advice, all by trade professionals, in your inbox each morning.Exercise 1: Change the Scenery - With Writing PromptsThere are very few things as frustrating as a bad case of writer’s block. But don’t despair! Instead of getting frustrated with it, try a change of scenery. Not literally (although that might also help) - do it with your writing.Activity: If your own story isn’t getting the creative juices flowing, using writing prompts  can help you break through the slump. This can help you change your mindset and any expectations your might have from what you are cu rrently writing. Have some fun with it! Here are a couple of examples to get you started:An accident during an experiment freezes you in time in public, completely invulnerable. Millennia later, you come out of stasis to find entire cultures centered upon your statuesque presence throughout their history. via /r/writingpromptsOn your path you meet two guards, one who always answers in sarcasm and one who answers a question with a question. via /r/writingpromptsGoal: Use writing prompts and short story ideas to get your creative juices flowing with a change of scenery that can help you clear out the block. "Use writing prompts for a change of scenery" and 9 other exercises that can help you become a better writer Exercise 2: Create character profilesCreating multifaceted and complex characters is something that takes time and effort, and it only gets trickier the more characters your story has. For readers to connect with your characters, you, the author, need to understand who they are and what motivates them. Easier said than done, but this exercise might help.Activity: Create character profiles for as many characters as you need. This can help you see the differences between them and give you a unique perspective on each of them. Going beyond their basic information and physical appearance can give you a greater understanding of what drives them and can help you capture their voice and point of view in an authentic way.Goal: Give characters their own unique voice, goals, wants, and needs. Exercise: Use character profiles to give your characters their own unique voice Exercise 3: Read out loudOne of the occupational hazards of being a writer is writer’s block. We can all agree that it’s difficult to get any ideas on paper when nothing seems to want to come out. But don’t fear: there are many ways to overcome it. Bec Evans and Chris Smith from Prolifiko show a tried-and-tested method to push through that wall in their writing routine course.Activity: As the name suggest, this exercise consists of letting yourself write freely - there are no rules! Put aside 15 minutes of your day and let the ideas flow. Write whatever is in your head. Don’t edit. Don’t consider your words. Don’t wait for that one beautiful sentence to appear. And, above all, don’t let your inner critic show its ugly face. Just write!Goal: What you write may not be pretty and it may not make much sense, but it will exercise your creative muscle and get your ideas out of your head and onto the page. "Freewriting - a tried-and-tested method against writer's block" and 9 other exercises Need more exercises to get your writing going? Check out this directory with over 100 exercises that cover topics from character development to writer’s block.As English author PD James once said: â€Å"Don’t just plan to write – write. It is only by writing, not dreaming about it that we develop our own style.† Developing your writing skills doesn’t happen overnight, but exercising your writing muscle is the one tried and true way to become a better writer and reach your writing goals.What are some of your favorite exercises to become a better writer? Add yours in the comments below!

Jesus and Mohammed Two Great Holy Personalities Essay

Jesus and Mohammed Two Great Holy Personalities - Essay Example The Biblical traditions, based on the records collected by four true followers of Christ, provide a detailed account of Christ’s birth and people’s reaction on the virgin birth. The Holy Torah had manifestly prophesized about the virgin birth of Messiah, as the Scripture predicts in these words: Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah, 7:14) It is because of these predictions that the Magi travelled wide to see the holy child at the eve of his birth. However, an overwhelming majority of the Romans and Jews refused to acknowledge the holy birth of Holy Christ as virgin. Thus, the opposition of the Savior started from the very first day of the Holy Virgin Mary’s return to her city. Though little information is available about Christ’s childhood and early youth, yet the historians and theologians are of the opinion that Mary had taken him to Egypt in order to escape the wrath of his enemies. Hence, like his predecessor holy prophets, including Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Zachariah and others, Holy Christ also had to face opposition from the prosperous stratum of his society. Jesus preached and lived by truly radical ethics. In contrast to the prevailing patriarchal society and extensive proscriptions against impurity, he touched lepers and a bleeding woman to heal them; in his â€Å"table fellowship,† he ate with people of all classes shreds of evidence.... The Holy Torah had manifestly prophesized about the virgin birth of Messiah, as the Scripture predicts in these words: Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah, 7:14) It is because of these predictions that the Magi travelled wide to see the holy child at the eve of his birth. However, an overwhelming majority of the Romans and Jews refused to acknowledge the holy birth of Holy Christ as virgin. Thus, the opposition of the Savior started from the very first day of the Holy Virgin Mary’s return to her city. Though little information is available about Christ’s childhood and early youth, yet the historians and theologians are of the opinion that Mary had taken him to Egypt in order to escape the wrath of his enemies. Hence, like his predecessor holy prophets, including Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Zachariah and others, Holy Christ also had to face oppositi on from the prosperous stratum of his society. Jesus preached and lived by truly radical ethics. In contrast to the prevailing patriarchal society and extensive proscriptions against impurity, he touched lepers and a bleeding woman to heal them; in his â€Å"table fellowship,† he ate with people of all classes. In a culture in which the woman’s role was strictly circumscribed, he welcomed women as his disciples. (Fisher, 2005: 293) The researches reveal the very fact that Jesus returned to his native land Jerusalem from Egypt at the age of thirty. It was the time when he started preaching the virtue and nobility to the people of Nazareth. Jesus was highly

Discuss the Frankfurt School's analysis of popular culture Essay

Discuss the Frankfurt School's analysis of popular culture - Essay Example Till 19th Century the meaning of the term ‘popular’ was considered to have negative connotations, but now in modern world the word popular means something which is widely known by and is accepted. Popular culture represents not only the elite class but something which is also represented in common people too. High cultural values have been associated with things like music, art, ballroom dancing, opera, and theater etc. and these values are related to them because in the past these activities were only undertaken by those further towards the top of the socio economic ladder, but now the term popular culture is considered versatile, but rather popular culture has become a part of every society and has made its impact everywhere. (litnotes n.d.) Popular culture was not generated within one society but it is actually the growth of ideas and modern thoughts, which ended up with the term pop culture. Popular culture had emerged with many other cultures and has become a part o f the original society. Now to separate these new thoughts and values from actual culture and society is impossible, so we can say that popular culture is actually a growing awareness and interest of people which has become a part of them. Popular culture through media has influenced our way of living. Pop culture is defined by the music we listen to, the programs we watch and the way we dress. The whole society is influenced by things which are shown on their national televisions and what they promote and show. Their culture is influenced by norms and trends which are shown in programs, the type of music, the lyrics, their dressing style and everything which comes on air. Popular culture is also often considered as a trivial and that is why popular culture faces much criticism from non-mainstream groups of people such as religious communities. Countercultural groups are clusters which think that popular culture is superficial and has corrupted the society. Mass media and popular cu lture are two sides of one coin. Mass media has made the greatest impact on reincarnation and modification of culture. Through media existence cultures are gradually modifying. Media programs and advertisements have made a great impact on cultural values of the society. It has influenced our language, interests, festivals and norms. They are overall influenced by the effects of mass media which basically is known as pop culture. The term enculturation is used for the process in which individuals in society learn and absorb cultural traditions. This enculturation has become a part of the society and culture which are valued and practiced by people in the society. (Merriam-Webster, 2007) The pop culture through enculturation is being popularised through different mass media mediums like television, radio, advertisements, newspaper, magazines, live programs and all other things related to mass media and internet as well. Many things have become a part of our lifestyle and are related t o our culture because they are promoted on our local national televisions. If we look at the roots then they haven’t been the part of our actual cultural rituals or norms. The culture is modified by media as media is a greatest source of entertainment and information in today’s world. So many influences of pop culture are the same on different societies. These programs have influenced the mind of the masses and the ideas promoted in them

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 - Coursework Example The second section highlights the rights for individuals to be supported to make their own decisions i.e. individual must be provided with all appropriate help before any other individual concludes that he or she cannot their own decisions. The third section is focused on the need to retain the right to make what might be seen as eccentric or unwise decision. The fourth section is based on best interests i.e. any decision or exercise conducted for or on behalf of people without capacity must be in their best interests, the fifth section is the study of least restrictive intervention i.e. any exercise or decision made for or on behalf of individual without capacity should be the least restrictive of their basic rights and freedoms. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 preserves in order current best practice and common law principles concerning people, people who lack mental capacity and people who take decisions on their behalf. The Act replaces current constitutional system for continuing powers of attorney and Court of Protection receivers with improved and updated schemes. (Deryck. Beyleveld, David Townend, Jessica Wright (2005).Research Ethics Committees, Data Protection, and Medical Research in European Countries). According to the Mental Act 2005, individual or group of individuals is provided with the legal authority to make decisions on the behalf of those individuals who experience mental suffering, or are emotionally and mentally destabilize. The Act manages decision-making on behalf of adults who lack mental capacity, both where they lose capacity at some point in their lives, and where the incapacitating condition has been present since birth. The Act provides with authority with the capacity to make decisions, covering all different aspects and situations, it covers all decisions, including personal welfare and financial matters, and covers decision-making on their behalf by attorneys, or deputies appointed by the courts. The Act also rectifies the process and position for conducting the exercise, if formal process has not been adopted. The proposed Mental Capacity Act evolved gradually, in consultation with the legislators and people affiliated with social sciences. Presently attorneys or receivers are legally bound to make decisions only on financial matters. The Act provides clarity and demarcations about who can make decisions and the manner of making decisions. The Act is an attempt towards protecting vulnerable people, carers and professionals. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 was drafted after years and series of consultation with people belonging to different spheres of life. The Law Commission began the process in 1989, ands in 1995 the Commission produced the report and drafted the Bill. The Government responded in 1997 with a green paper, and a policy statement in 1999. A draft Mental Incapacity Bill was published in June 2003 and examined by a Joint Committee of both Houses of Parliament. The re-named Mental Capacity Bill was introduced to Parliament on Seventeenth of June 2004 and received Royal Assent on Seventh of April 2005, and it became law. The Mental Capacity Act received Royal Assent on Seventh of April 2005, and is likely to be implemented in 2007. The Act is an effort towards providing protection and liberty to the person to handle and conduct his or her affairs after he or she loses the mental capacity. The Act has supported people

Relationships Between Nursing, Health, and the Policy Processes Article

Relationships Between Nursing, Health, and the Policy Processes - Article Example This is because several laws and policies within the country support abortion. The woman also indicated that her health was in danger because the pregnancy affected her psychological well-being because she conceived under duress. The policy that best typifies the case study is Access to Abortion Services that give women rights to abort. This right allows women to access abortion services, as well as support within health care units. The act also creates access routes, and prohibits derogatory actions such as harassments. Some of the access routes include the health care facilities, physicians’ offices, and other service providers (College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia, 2013). Additionally, individuals receiving abortion services and issuing financial and emotional support are protected. The legalization of abortion has been controversial in the United States for the past 200 years making it difficult for the process to enjoy the protection of the law (Simmonds, 2013). Currently, women in the United States have legal abortions right granted throughout the pregnancy period. Furthermore, the women have the right to abort in almost all situations especially after Supreme Court announced the inc orporation of abortion rights into the constitution. This implies that any lawful barriers that will hinder the females from having abortion are unconstitutional (Abort73.com, 2009). This policy involves the nursing process because the service providers include the nurses who offer the abortion services and care based on the provisions of the act. This means that it is illegal for nurses to refuse to give abortion services to females especially when the circumstances are justifiable. I supported the nurses’ decision in the case study. This is because the elements of the abortion policy contradict religious practices. According to my religion, abortion is sin because it constitutes murder.

Nike Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Nike - Case Study Example lizing its main objectives hence giving it ideas on what ought to be done in order to achieve these objectives and Nike Company is not different because it also has its mission and vision. The company’s mission is to offer inspiration to all athletes globally (Nike Inc., 2014). Nike Company has strived to achieve this mission because to date, most athletes taking part in national competitions such as Olympics or marathon are supplied with footwear to enable them participate comfortably. The company’s vision is that everybody has the capacity of becoming an athlete since the company provides all the necessary gears (Nike Inc., 2013). Nike Company has a number of strengths; the company has a global recognition for its apparels that are normally used in sports (Lussier & Kimball, 2009).Apart from its high quality apparel, the company also known for its innovative marketing techniques. For instance, the company normally uses prominent sportsmen such as tiger woods and Michael Jordan while marketing their products (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). Apart from strengths, the company also has a number of weaknesses. For instance, the company has had some management problems. Since resignation of the company’s founder in 2005, the company has had two CEOs in a span of two years (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). Apart from management issues, the company is also experiencing a decline in sales especially in the United States. For instance, there company experiences higher sales in continents such as Europe and Asia than in the United States where the Nike’s headquarters are located (Lussier & Kimball, 2009). This is due to high competition from other companies such as Adidas and Reebok that also specialize in production of sports accessories. The company has several opportunities that if properly utilized will result to an increase in the number of sales hence higher incomes. The company has signed an agreement with Apple Company that will see the company develop an application

Relationships Between Nursing, Health, and the Policy Processes Article

Relationships Between Nursing, Health, and the Policy Processes - Article Example This is because several laws and policies within the country support abortion. The woman also indicated that her health was in danger because the pregnancy affected her psychological well-being because she conceived under duress. The policy that best typifies the case study is Access to Abortion Services that give women rights to abort. This right allows women to access abortion services, as well as support within health care units. The act also creates access routes, and prohibits derogatory actions such as harassments. Some of the access routes include the health care facilities, physicians’ offices, and other service providers (College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia, 2013). Additionally, individuals receiving abortion services and issuing financial and emotional support are protected. The legalization of abortion has been controversial in the United States for the past 200 years making it difficult for the process to enjoy the protection of the law (Simmonds, 2013). Currently, women in the United States have legal abortions right granted throughout the pregnancy period. Furthermore, the women have the right to abort in almost all situations especially after Supreme Court announced the inc orporation of abortion rights into the constitution. This implies that any lawful barriers that will hinder the females from having abortion are unconstitutional (Abort73.com, 2009). This policy involves the nursing process because the service providers include the nurses who offer the abortion services and care based on the provisions of the act. This means that it is illegal for nurses to refuse to give abortion services to females especially when the circumstances are justifiable. I supported the nurses’ decision in the case study. This is because the elements of the abortion policy contradict religious practices. According to my religion, abortion is sin because it constitutes murder.

Human resources management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human resources management - Case Study Example In higher developing countries like China, customers are facing late deliveries and bad services because of the dealers. Apart from few verified dealers, majority of others are inefficient and incapable of proper servicing. As a result, high end customers often get distraught due to these lazy and inefficient deals. Considering the current issues in China as the foundation, the case study will evaluate the establishment and milestones achieved by Benz in China. Then the case will move on to describe the incidences which led to the overall decrease of sales performance in China (Barchan, 1999). The evaluation of experiences and evidences and analysis of the case will lead to various future strategies. These strategies as well as those selected for the long term growth and development of the automobile company will also be discussed. Behind the Scenes: The Firm Mercedes-Benz is a German brand known for its high quality motor vehicles for business and private customers. Their era starte d in the year 1886 when Karl Benz created the first petrol-powered car. Right now Mercedes-Benz is an international company with factories all around the globe and employs more than 100 000 people. The company is also involved in providing associated primary services. It is currently headquartered in Stuttgart, Germany. The company is famous for its sports and lifestyles vehicles. The organization provides a supportive work environment for its employees. In order to ensure that, employees consider the brand as best place to work, the company engages in various developmental programmes, performance appraisals, insurance and health care benefits programmes, outdoor activities tec. Being in automotive sector, the overall organizational structure of Benz is complex. A separate team handles every region around the globe. Constant communication is required between the marketing and production team. Thus, overall structure of the organization can be considered as lateral and open. Section 2 The Story The year 2012 proved to be bad year for Mercedes Benz. The German carmaker slipped from numero uno to further to third position in the luxury car segment. The performance in China had deteriorated further. In spite of the sharp increase in sales of luxury cars, Benz posted a meagre growth of 4 percent. Further research into the matter exposed two critical factors. First was the poor quality of the cars. After complaints from consumers regarding faulty vehicle parts and hazardous interior materials, the company had to recall many of its vehicles. Another issue which came into light was low quality of customer service. This was evident from the huge number of customer complaints posted over internet in the past two years. The after sales service of the German car maker did not meet its expected brand image. Customer complaints were also found in case of imported Benz cars and the poor quality of the C and E class Benz cars. As a result, the overall rating of Mercedes-Benz in customer service fell way beyond industry average. This was more so in case of China, where it fell below local Chinese brands such as Geely, Roewe and Chery. As the company failed to

IKEA Global Strategy Essay Example for Free

IKEA Global Strategy Essay Introduction: A network that covers a broad area (i.e., any telecommunications network that links across metropolitan, regional, national or international boundaries) using leased telecommunication lines. Related terms for other types of networks are personal area networks (PANs), local area networks(LANs), campus area networks (CANs), or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area (e.g., a city) respectively. If you have a large campus network using routers and dynamic routing protocols and an internal infrastructure, you do not necessarily have a WAN. A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. If your network uses a network infrastructure that is owned by your service provider, implementing WAN technologies, you have a WAN. Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. Body: The distinguishing features of a WAN: Sending data long distances Although distance is not a true criterion for determining whether your network is a WAN, most WANs do span a great distance, and the technologies used in the WAN depend a great deal on the distances involved. If your WAN spans only a single city, across town is a long way; nevertheless, your carrier may choose different technologies for that distance than they would if your network spanned a state, country, or continent. Although long distances are not criteria for defining a WAN, commonly, WANs do span substantial distances. Implementing routing protocols Routing protocols are also not true criteria for a WAN definition. A WAN can either use manual routing or implement a routing protocol such as RIP or EIRGP. Although larger, more complex networks like a national WAN may be  easier to manage when implementing a routing protocol, their use does not dictate that you have a WAN. A large corporation could have a single (but large) building or a campus of several buildings that causes the network to have several routers. To make life easier on the routing front, you could choose to implement one of the many available routing protocols. So, although most WAN environments make use of routing protocols, not all networks that implement routing protocols are necessarily WANs. Using carrier equipment Means the equipment from your telephone company that allows you to connect your network to the backbone of its network. These network connections can be digital subscriber line (DSL), frame relay, fiber optic, broadband cable, or another technology used by your telephone company or network provider. This component really turns a network into a WAN, allowing your traffic to travel between your locations while traversing another provider’s network, mainly your ISP or telephone company. In some cases, this traffic may cross several providers’ networks. If you are connecting two offices and they are in different countries, you may be crossing networks owned by a regional provider, which connects to a national provider and then crosses borders and travels across the other national provider to another regional provider before finally reaching your other branch office location. It is this use of other people’s networks that really defines use of a large LAN versus a WAN (LANs are covered in the next section). So, a WAN is not related to the size of your network, or to your choice of routing protocols, or to any other factors. Consolation: However, in terms of the application of computer networking protocols and concepts, it may be best to view WANs as computer networking technologies used to transmit data over long distances, and between different LANs, MANs and other localised computer networking architectures. This distinction stems from the fact that common LAN technologies operating at Layer 1/2 (such as the forms of Ethernet or Wifi) are often geared towards physically localised networks, and thus cannot transmit data over tens, hundreds or  even thousands of miles or kilometres. This could be to facilitate higher bandwidth applications, or provide better functionality for users in the CAN. A CAN, for example, may have a localised backbone of a WAN technology, which connects different LANs within a campus. The textbook definition of a WAN is a computer network spanning regions, countries, or even the world.

Examining Deforestation Of The Amazon Rainforest Environmental Sciences Essay

Examining Deforestation Of The Amazon Rainforest Environmental Sciences Essay The amazon Rainforest is one of the richest areas on Earth biodiversity wise and possesses many endemics species of fauna and flora. The Amazon also plays an human population has grown, and demands in soybeans, cattle and wood as increased over time, the Amazon rainforest has been selected for deforestation. Recent concerns have arisen over the last decades emphasizing the problems deforestation causes especially biologically. This problem has been further underlined as concerns over global climate change have arisen. The Amazon forest is the greatest tropical forest in size as it covers an area over seven million square kilometres and is found in ten countries of South America. Motives of deforestation, rates, history Most of the Amazon Basin ( >70%) is found in Brazil ; therefore most of our study will focus on the Brazilian Amazon. Starting in the late 1950s, for the purpose of developing the western and northern parts of Brazil many new roads were constructed which constituted a direct access to the Amazon tropical forest. The construction of these routes along with other incentives ( such as cattle ranching , hydro electric project, timber extraction) was aimed at expanding development and integrating the whole territory into the countrys economy. The program was successful as people moved along these large highways; for example 2 million people moved along the Belem-Brasilia in the first 20 years of its construction. The settlement along the major highways and within the Amazon forest was highly unorganized which led to long term unnoticed deforestation. Overtime the rates of deforestation have increased from the 1970s to the 2003-2004 and since then have decreased. The peak in 2002-2004 was the highest rate of forest clearing for a three year period: 52 670 km ² were cleared. The 2008-2009 area cleared totalizes for 7008 km ². The literature seems to agree on the motives for deforestation although the importance of small farmers in the process is debated . ( K.R Birby , P. Fearnside). The motives for deforestation are multiple: contrarily to common belief, the biggest reason behind clearing in cattle ranching secondly, is small farmer exploitation then, logging, and recently soybean and palm oil plantations have led to deforestation. The reason behind this hierarchy and cattle ranching as being the number one reason behind forest clearing is due to multiple state incentives. These incentives made cattle ranching one of the few profitable product to rise in the Amazon. Under the Brazilian law, clearing the land in order to install pasture is characterised as effective. (K.R Kirby). Cattle ranching is one of the most popular use of land in the Amazon as it is not a labour intensive job , by products can be used ( such as milk) , and it is produces offspring. Compared to crops, the main advantage of cattle ra nching is that cattle ranching are independent of weather conditions. Small farmers also play an important role in the clearing of the land as they apply slash and burn method in order to create fertile land to grow their crops on. As farmers need for more land, they continuously increase their property. K.R Kirby has calculated that on average a small farmer clears 1 ha of forest per year. Furthermore, tropical soils are not fertile and fail at the long term production of crops, thus after 2-3 years the land is unusable and new land has to be slashed and burned. Today as agricultural financing has been more readily available in the Amazon compared to other regions in Brazil, soybeans farmers are pushing to the North. As the price for soybean has increased, it has become one of the most profitable crops to plant in the Amazon. A large part of the soybean production is used for export (as foreign currency) therefore greatly encouraged by the state which even plans on building new roads and infrastructure in order to expand the production. Although not broadly mentioned in the literature, it is important to also underline the logging activities undergoing in the Amazon. JA Foley et al mention that the logging has recently been recognized as one major source of land change in the Amazon. Although selective logging is comparatively not as ecologically destructive as cattle grazing or pasture, it has been shown that logging destroyed the same amount of forest as the area cleared for other activities. Indeed, selective logging leaves behind a fraction of the natural forest and allows some natural regeneration; not completely destroying the ecosystem. Biodiversity effects: The clearing of thousands of km ² of land is not at any cost. The Amazon is one the worlds richest zone in terms of biodiversity and number of endemic species. Being one of the largest forests in the world the tropical Amazon forest constitutes an important carbon sink for the integrity of the planet. Scientists have become aware of the importance of conserving the forest because of the numerous ecosystem services it provides. It is difficult to understand and quantify the ecosystem services provided by an ecosystem. As Fearnside explains, it is complicated to put a value on an ecosystem service. An obvious way of calculating the value of the ecosystem is using the profit of the good produced in the given area. This method does not take into account the future damage that could occur due to the abuse of the ecosystem. Indeed we taking the example of forest clearing , we can use the value of the good which will be produced on the area cleared but on a large scale that value does not take into account the habitat destruction of species. Often times we put a price on ecosystem services in order to emphasize the urgency of taking conservation actions, putting fines on illegal land used. Based on the literature there are many ecosystem services provided by the Amazon rainforest. Namely the most important ecosystem services are carbon sequestering, water flow of the Amazon River, air circulation patterns, the spread of water borne disease , fires , invasion by exotic species and most importantly , and biodiversity loss. The clearing of Amazon might influence the hydrological regime of the area because the forest regulates the quantity of water flowing into the river as well as the nutrient content. The quantity of water increases greatly overall because there is no interception by plants leading to much more surface runoff and less percolation in the soil. Indeed it has been observed in the Tocantins river basin, the changes during the 30 years period (1960-1990) in land cover have led to an approximate 25% increase in the river discharge during the same period although there were no changes in the precipitation regime. Over the long term, scientists are worried that the evaporation budget will change so much as to change global patterns of air circulation. Vector-borne diseases increase due to the loss of vegetation and due to an increase in the number of mosquitoes (which are common vectors of diseases). Forested areas allow for more control of the disease though population control of infected animals, their hosts and intermediate disease vector. In South America, the most important disease transmitted by mosquitoes is malaria. A study in Peru has shown that Anopheles darling mosquito species are more susceptible to biting as the land cover decreases. The study found that when the area is deforestated by more than 20%, mosquitoes have a tendency to bit more than in forested areas. The reason for this increase is due to the preference of mosquitoes to breed in areas with shrubs or grasslands. ( A.M. Vittor) One of the most striking effects on deforestation is the loss of biodiversity. No papers truly estimated the loss of biodiversity due to deforestation. But based on the literature we can estimate the number of species potentially targeted by deforestation. The Brazilian Amazon is classified as one of the five megadiversity countries by the WWF (World Wild Fund) (P.Fearnside). Brazil has over 50  000 angiosperm plant species, over 400 species of mammals, over 1500 species of birds, over 500 species of amphibians, over 400 species of butterfly and over 70 species of reptiles. Deforestation can lead to changes in biodiversitys ecological niches, habitat fragmentation, or even invasion of exotic species. A major concern has arisen amongst ecologists due to the threat of deforestation on biodiversity hotspots. Indeed it has been observed in some cases that biodiversity hotpsots overlap the deforestation hotpsots. These latter are areas where deforestation occurs suddenly, locally and greatly pushed by demographic factors. The danger for the ecosystems when these two hotspots overlap is the extensive loss of habitat for the fauna and flora. Indeed, deforestation hotspots lead to much habitat fragmentation as many harvesters carry on their activity without much knowledge on the ecosystem and the implications of deforesting (Etter et al 2006). Moreover, it has been proven that a threshold exists for a species to survive. Species need enough area in order to reproduce and forage without it a population cannot sustain and is determined to extinguish. Much of the deforestation trends are not managed and very spontaneous, leading to patches of deforested land and often times the minimum thre shold is surpassed threatening the survival of many generations. As underlined in Etter et al., no significant studies have been consolidated in order to better understand the overlapping of deforestation and biodiversity hotspots; suggesting more data to be collected. Indeed without data there cannot be any consensus on the conversation policies to protect the Amazons ecosystem. Another paper also suggests the idea that better inventories should be complied in order to understand the forests composition and to better manage the area based on the species autoecology. Furthermore the paper underlines the importance of thorough and precise data entries with identical quantification measurements. These factors are all very important in the inventory process in order to build credible dataset on which policy makers can rely upon (Biscaia de Lacerda 2010). Deforestation in the context of Global Climate Change A major concern of the 21st century is the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the consequences on the worlds biomes. The role of the Amazon forest in the global carbon cycle is storage of organic carbon in the soil or in plants. The process through which plants take in CO2 is photosynthesis storing it afterwards in the biomass under the form of leaves, branches, roots, flowers and other structural tree components. The destruction of the Amazon makes it an emitter of carbon rather than a sink. Indeed because of land cover changes, carbon is no longer stored. Per se, carbon is not emitted from the forest rather carbon is not taken up by the trees anymore resulting in a net surplus of CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Furthermore the necessary machinery used for deforestation as well as the by-products of wood and the processing of trees in factories also contribute to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Some studies have tried to understand the changes which would occur if CO2 levels increased and deforestated areas kept increasing. The outcome results in many effects linked to changes in surface albedo, leaf area index, and surface roughness and texture (Compounding). In the study, the CO2 levels were doubled, increasing the CO2 concentration to 660 ppm. The IPCCs projection on CO2 levels project that 660 ppm will be reached by the end of the century under the least severe scenario: A1B which predicts: A future world of very rapid economic growth, low population growth and rapid introduction of new and more efficient technology. Major underlying themes are economic and cultural convergence and capacity building, with a substantial reduction in regional differences in per capita income. In this world, people pursue personal wealth rather than environmental quality. ( IPCC http://www.ipcc-data.org/ddc_co2.html). The sole effect of doubling CO2 concentration in the atmosphere results in a 2.6 T °C increase in temperature, increase in precipitation by 9.0 mm per month , and increase in -the net longwave radiation at the landsurface by 4.5 W m ­- ² subsequently increasing the surface evapotranspiration. There is not a great difference for all the factors when studying the present deforestation climate with the future warmed climate combined with deforestation, directly pointing to the fact that deforestation is the main source of deregulation in the climate (Figure 2). Indeed most changes due to increased CO2 levels are felt in the mid-high latitudes. Figure 2( Zhang et al.)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Essay -- Crib Death SIDS

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sudden infant death syndrome, better known as S.I.D.S., is one of the leading causes for the inflated infant mortality rate in this country today. It is often misunderstood or unrecognizable. For the most part, the causes of SIDS are unknown to the general public. This is changing, however, as public awareness is ever increasing. Thus, the purpose of this paper will be to explain sudden infant death syndrome and its known or suggested causes. Also, the history of SIDS, the problems and emotional suffering that results from the loss of a child, the toll it takes on the surviving sibling, and possible counseling or other help that is available for parents who may have lost a child to SIDS are such areas that will be explored. Overall I hope to achieve a better understanding of all these suggested topics within the body of the paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SIDS is also commonly referred to as crib death. It is said to claim approximately in the range of 6,000 to 7,000 babies a year within the continental United States alone, with a slight increase each year (Bergman xi). This would seem to be an astounding figure, but when the figure of the total amount of babies that are born in the United States is compared to that of the number of deaths due to SIDS, it accounts for only a small percentage. It is a small percentage that hopefully can be reduced. And to any parents, the loss of just one child is definitely one too many, despite of the statistics that are currently available. During the first week of life is where most deaths that are associated with prematurity dominate, SIDS is the leading cause of death among infants under one year of age, according to Bergman. It ranks second only to injuries as the cause of death in children less than fifteen years of age. An unknown fact is that SIDS takes more lives than other more common diseases such as leukemia, heart disease or cystic fibrosis (Bergman 24). Ironically it was not until the middle of the 1970’s until SIDS was no longer ignored as being a cause of death. For the most part, no research was being conducted, leaving families and victims left to wonder why their babies died (Mandell 129). For the family and friends of the family, who also are victims, this was definitely a tragedy. Not knowing the cause of death had to have caused physical and emotional ... ... Gregory, Geoff. "The Discovery of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." The Journal of the American Medical Association 264 (1990): 2731. Kahn, A., et al. "Problems in Management of Infants With an Apparent Life Threatening Event." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 533 (1988): 78-88. Limerick, Sylvia. "Family and Health Professional Interactions." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 533 (1988): 145-154. Malloy, Michael H. "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Maternal Smoking." American Journal Of Public Health. 82 (1992): 1380-182. Mandell, Frederick, et al. "the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 533 (1988): 129-131. Mandell, Frederick, et al. "The Surviving Child in the SIDS Family." Pediatrician. 15 (1988): 217-221. Martin, Richard, J. Respiratory Disorders During Sleep in Pediatrics. New York: Futura Publishing Co., 1990. Powell, Maria. "The Psychological Impact of SIDS on Siblings." Irish Journal Of Psychology. 12 (1991): 235-247. Raub, William. "Chronic Fetal Hypoxia May Predispose Infants to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." The Journal of the American Medical Association. 264 (1990): 2731.

Learning and change

Learning is a continual process when people learn they generate ideas and they test them to their own values.   When the ideas survive the test then learning has occurred (Schaveran, 2007).   In my opinion, learning only occurs after information is filtered through ones brain and one that is retained in the long-term memory is what is learned.   This is because not all information gathered or exposed to is relevant.   The brain uses selective criteria in choosing what tom process and store.   Most times, what we can relate to in terms of previous knowledge and/or experience is easily retained or learned, as opposed to new and abstract information.   Perhaps this is the reason why it is said that learning is biologically based.Learning is f g.t.r process meaning it followers a generate test and regenerate cycle.   At least this is according to the biologically based generative theory of learning.   This theory is built upon three premises.   One, that values drive le arning, two that learning occurs by selection and three that learning is progressive (Schaverien, 2007) contrary to common thought learning is not a one-time affair, biological learning takes times and at the primary level it may take as long as 20 years for it to occur.This is because at the primary level. Genetic knowledge transfer from one living thing to another say through reproduction takes time.   At the secondary level i.e. within the immune system and brain the time frame is shorter while at the territory level that is through studying our history and culture knowledge transfer is relatively quicker (Schaverein, 2007) Perhaps this sound like technical jargon but Hutching puts a better perspective on the whole concept of time learning.   He says,Education is not a segregated activity conducted hours in certain places at a certain time of life.   It was the aim of society.   The city educated the man. The Athenian was educated by culture by paideia (Hutchins 1970:133) Learning has always been an intriguing concept to curious minds such as those of psychologist mostly because it is unseen and intangible process.   Psychologists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, John Locke, Ivan Pavlov, BF Skinner, Jerome Brunner, George Kelly and Wolfgang Kohler are some of the key psychologist who contributed significant theories, which try to explain learning.This paper draws from a workplace context of how learning occurs; it also tracks ideas about growth and development in the work place basing argument from certain theories of learning.   It will also speculate on the various kinds of learning support in the workplace.Human growth and development occurs in stages.   In this workplace context, I choose to focus on Erickson’s model of lifespan development and how it affects the workplace learning and change, Erickson’s model concerns itself with psychosocial department of human beings.   It specifically touches on social roles and relati onship of individuals and how they progress from childhood to late stages of life theory proposes.This theory proposes eight stages of life, which occurs in the same order to all individuals. (Barbara & Newman, 2005).   Ã‚  This first stage revolves around trust and infants experience it.   At the stage there is need fell that one can depend on those around him.   This stage is very crucial to an individual and affects learning in the progressive stages if an infact gains trust in his environment, she/he learns to trust others.   The second stage is characterized by struggle for autonomy and doubt.   This stage occurs at about age 2-3 where by the infant seeks independence of others yet finds that the support of others is in dispensable.At this stage both of these aspects are crucial since without independence a child is clubbed with self-doubt when doing things on his own, at the same time support from others equally important for growth. The third stage at about age3-6 i s characterized by struggles between initiative and guilt.   At this point, children not allowed to follow their own course are crippled with guilt whenever they do so.   This could lead to over dependence on others.   The fourth stage occurs at age seven through to early puberty.   This stage is characterized by internal conflict between industry and inferiority.During this stage, there is great interest to tackle tasks performed by adults.   Failures influence the Childs inferiority complex.   Similarly, successes build self-confidence and superiority complex.   Adolescence is the next stage characterized by confusion between self-identity and societal role.   There is a poor coordination between self-identity and life goals.   Failures are associated failure in life.   This is a very destructive behaviour such as drug abuse, dropouts and alcoholism.   The sixth stage is young adulthood.   At this stage struggles between confusion and self-identity have bee n resolved.   However, there is struggle between intimacy and partners and careers.   Some people combine this stage with the adult years since these years are ones that an individual is at their prime.However, the struggles in the adult years are different at the stage a person is at struggles between generativity and stagnation.   This is owing to the many demands of life at this stage say advancement in career, productivity at work and at home and risk of stagnation.   The last stage is the senior years mostly the years after retirement.   At this stage, an individual is at crossroads between feeling of integrity and despair.   In these reflective years, a person recollects how he/she spent his life and gauges whether it was in vain or it was meaningful.   Feelings of despair arise when on individual feels that there is nothing more left for him/her in this life.I suppose one may be justified to wonder what Erickson’s model of lifespan development has to do w ith learning and change.   As seen, each stage of life is characterized by struggles and these struggles must be overcome for an individual to develop to a healthy adult capable of learning.   Individuals who had or have difficulty of resolving these struggles depict certain deficiency in learning personally; I have a problem with trusting myself to do something right alone.   Perhaps, this distrust originates from the fact that I was not encouraged to follow my own initiative during the stage where individuals have need to have autonomy and initiative.   Such people usually have difficulty in learning new things and being innovative at the workplace.These doubts and guilt hinder them from expressing new ideas and learning through training and delegation is slow.   The sixth stage of development has implication on learning in the workplace.   Young adults are motivated but an internal need to be generative and productive.   This means that they are more flexible and in terested in learning new things.   Similarly, their brains are at their sharpest and they feel inclined to generate alternatives approaches to problems.   Given a rich environment and the right organization culture, their potential is boundless.  Ã‚   The biological based generative theory of determines what information is learnt and which is discarded.   Values are formed at each level of development.   Young adults who have positive values attached to learning and their self-concept are able to generate their own views hence learning. (Finger & Asà ºn, 2000)   They are also able to relinquish meaningless ideas and build on them to make powerful ones.ConclusionIn summary, it is worthwhile to expose the kinds of learning support that might work in the workplace.   The ideal learning situation should be one that allows individuals to construct their own ideas and subject them to the g-t-r cycle inorder to validate learning.   The workplace should be one that enables an individual to have a degree of autonomy and initiative in initiating and sustaining learning.   Young adults should be accorded tasks that challenge them so that hey do not stagnate at one position and they feel productive. (Sugarman, 2001)   Equally important is the need to foster healthy competition within the workplace.   According to the Erickson’s lifespan development model, individuals can revisit particular stages if theory feels they did not adequately resolve the struggles characterizing that stage.   In such cases, the workplace may play a supportive role of facilitating this resolution.BibliographyBarbara, M & Newman, P (2005). Development through Life: A Psychosocial Approachs. Thomson Wadsworth.Finger, M. & Asà ºn, M. (2000). Adult Education at the Crossroads. Learning our way out. London: Zed Books.Hutchins, R. M. (1970).The Learning Society, Harmondsworth. Penguin.Schaverien, L. (2007). Working Paper: An introduction to a (biologically based) genera tive view of learning.Sugarman, L. (2001). Life-span Development: Frameworks, Accounts, and Strategies. Psychology Press.

Course Outline of Production Operation Management

ARID AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, RAWALPINDI MGT- 696 â€Å"Operations Management† BBA–6 (A & B Sections) Spring 2013 Visiting Faculty Member:M. Javed Akhtar Ex- General Manager Training, OPF Ex-Director Gneral, NAVTEC Head Office Prime Minister's Secretariat [email  protected] com Office Contact/Timings: 051-2541041 (direct), 0300-5338951(Cell) (0800 Hrs. to 1500 Hrs. ) Course Coordinator Mr. Irfanullah Munir The Prologue This three credit Hrs. course is designed for services and manufacturing sectors, basically, meant for defining the real meaning of the Operations Management in any given organization.The primary objective of the course is to provide the students with an understanding of the theories, models, problems, issues, and techniques related to the management of operations both in manufacturing and service sectors. This includes analyses of various tasks performed and decisions made by operation managers, both tactically and strategically. The operations function plays a vital role in achieving a company’s strategic plans. Since the operations function produces the goods and provides the services, it typically involves the greatest portion of the company mployees and is responsible for a large portion of the firm’s capital assets. It has a major impact on quality and is often the visible face of company with which the customer must deal. Customer service, product/service, quality issues, and the effectiveness of many customer interactions are all operations activities. In the face of increased international competition, Pakistani firms have lost market share and have not responded by working to improve both their operating efficiencies and the quality of their goods and services.With this renewed emphasis on operations, it has become increasingly important that students have an understanding of operations management and its significance to the success of the companies where they will work. To gain a competitive edge, Pakistani organizations need sound production/operations strategies. This is particularly true today, given the pressures of global competition and the need to satisfy ever more demanding customers. Operations functions appear as a powerful tool for achieving organizational objectives and strategies. Learning ObjectivesThe aim of this course is to provide a clear, well-structured and interesting treatment of Production/Operations Management as it applies to a variety of businesses and organizations. The course is intended to provide both a logical path through the activities of operations management and an understanding of the strategic context in which operations managers’ work. †¢ Strategic in its perspective of operations management’s contribution to the organization’s long-term success. We are unambiguous in treating the operation function as being at the center to most organization’s drive to improve their competitiveness. Conceptual in the way it explai ns the reasons why operations managers need to take decisions in each activity. Although some quantitative techniques are included, their primary aim is to illustrate the underlying principles of operation decisions. †¢ Comprehensive in its coverage of the significant ideas and issues which are relevant to most types of operations. †¢ Practical in the sense that the issues and difficulties in making operations management decisions in practice are discussed, and generally the treatment of topics reflects actual operations practice.This course is practical also that Case Exercise illustrating the approaches taken by actual companies are used to illustrate operations issues. Attendance Policy As you may all know very well by this time that the University (FUU) adheres to very strict attendance policy (i. e. minimum 75% mandatory attendance). As usual roll will be taken at the beginning of each class meeting. No one will be allowed to enter the classroom five minutes after the class starting time since it cause interruptions in the class activities. Professional conduct is expected throughout the course.Besides this, It is assumed that you have read all the policies and guidelines of the University regarding attendance, academic dishonesty, deadlines and so on and so forth Team Work There will be substantial Team work in this class. This is the need of today’s corporate world, and we have to learn how to pull our right slack while working in teams. Instructor as well as fellow team members, at end of the course, will evaluate each team member. Part of the grade of the team project(s) will be dependent on peer evaluations which is only for the developmental purposes and will be kept strictly confidential.Unannounced Quizzes There will be minimum four unannounced quizzes taken randomly throughout this course. Three best will be considered for grading. These quizzes will be handed out in the beginning of the class meetings and if you are late in clas s, you will miss that quiz. There are absolutely no make ups for these quizzes. Case Studies There may be cases assigned to groups and these cases will be resolved in team efforts. A short written report will be required along with the presentation of that case.Presenters will play the role of Management Consultants and the class will act as Board of Directors and will interact with the consultants at the end of the presentation to express their concerns and opinions. Term Project or Book Review You will be given case study or in lieu thereof book reviews relevant to the field of OM, Subject to availability of time. When awarded, details will be discussed in the class. Industrial Visit/Seminar An industrial visit and/or a seminar relating to the subject matter would be arranged. Grade Allocation and Breakdown |Weightage suggested by DBA |Weightage suggested by Teacher| |Unannounced quizzes/Book Review |10% |10% | |Assignment(s) / presentation / participation/discipline |15% |15% | | Midterm Examination |25% |25% | |Terminal / Final Examination |50% |50% | Course Contours and Schedule ? Current Academic Session 4th March 2013 onward ? Class Work32 Lectures (16 weeks) Teaching Time 48Hrs. 1st Week: ? Production and Operations Management: An Overview 2nd Week: ? Production System : Issues and Environment 3rd Week: ? Total Quality Management 4th Week: ? Need and Importance of Forecasting 5th Week: ? Qualitative Methods of Forecasting 6th Week: ? Quantitative Methods of Forecasting 7th week: ? Capacity Planning 8th Week: ? Facilities Planning ? Mid-term Examination 9th Week: ? Work System Design 10th Week: ? Managing Information for Operations System 11th Week: ? Aggregate Production Planning 12th Week: ? Just-in-Time (JIT) 13th Week: ? Scheduling & Sequencing 14th Week: ? Issues in Materials Management 15th Week: Independent & Dependent Demand Inventory System 16th Week: ? Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)/Computers in OM ** ? Final Examination (date to be announc ed later on) Recommended Readings Supplementary Readings | | IMPORTANT NOTE: ? The course outline is subject to change to a tune of about 10% if need arise. ? ** Subject to availability of time, the topics of â€Å"Advanced Manufacturing Systems† and â€Å"Computers in Operations Management† will also be covered. ———————– Issues in Production/ Operations Management Forecasting Operations System Design Planning & Scheduling Materials Planning Emerging Issues in OM**

AIDS Controversy

The problem of AIDS in poor countries in Africa had been one of the major health problems the world is facing.   Needless to say, many have died without even having undergone medication.Perhaps one of the most pressing issues involving this problem is the commitment of big pharmaceutical companies in the United States to give away free AIDS treatments to poor African countries ridden with AIDS in exchange for its continued patent protection.The question now arises on whether this scheme of giving away free AIDS treatment would strike a balance in its continued patent protection vis-à  -vis the continuing problem of AIDS in poor African countries.A number of international non-governmental organizations have launched campaigns against pharmaceutical giants engaging in a long term endeavor to widen the access of poor people to essential medicines, to attain significant reductions on the prices of brand medicines from big pharmaceutical companies, and to support the sale and productio n of generic drugs (Poku, Whiteside, and Sandkjaer, 2007).The issue of patents on pharmaceutical products have started in the negotiations ate the World Trade Organization.   The WTO’s Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights that took effect in 1995 compels countries to include pharmaceutical products and practices in patent protection after a phase-in period associated to the level of development (Newfarmer, 2003).International intellectual property patents assure a 20-year market monopoly for new products and processes (Finkel, 2007).   Given this, no other company can enter the same market, limiting the market competition to those who have patents.â€Å"The protection of intellectual property in the biosciences on a global level has to deal with very different contexts and situations.† (Lenk, Hoppe, and Andorno, 2007).At first glance, it seems that the pharmaceutical companies are doing an altruistic effort in providing free access to AIDS treatment in poor African countries, which are ridden with AIDS epidemic in spite of the fact that they were only compelled to do so by the United States government.The main question here is not whether it is proper for the United States government to compel these pharmaceutical companies but rather on whose interests are better served with this scheme of giving away free AIDS treatment in exchange for continued patent protection.The continued patent protection of drugs relating to AIDS, in spite of the efforts to distribute free medications on AIDS in poor African countries, has detrimental effects to the victims themselves.Aside from the victims, the market itself for pharmaceutical products and processes will also suffer as they will be ruled by a monopoly of patent-holding pharmaceutical companies.The continued patent protection would further limit the access of people to AIDS treatment.If the patent protection for pharmaceutical companies is to continue, this will limit th e opportunities for other pharmaceutical companies to develop their own medication for AIDS treatment.If there will be no other pharmaceutical company that will come up with a treatment for AIDS, those infected with the disease will have no other option but to buy the only product in the market despite its high price.If the patents will be lifted, this will benefit not only those in the poor nations but everyone who has been infected with the disease as they will enjoy the benefits market competition will bring.The absence of patent protection will give other pharmaceutical companies the opportunity to develop their own products and processes aimed at treating AIDS infection.   If this happens, there will be more products available in the market.   More similar products in the market will compel pharmaceutical companies to lower their prices.

What is specific about digital image and how can digital aesthetics be Essay

What is specific about digital image and how can digital aesthetics be described through a reference to glitch Give examples - Essay Example term is usually identified as jargon, used in electronic industries and services, circuit-bending practitioners, gamers, media artists, and designers. In electrical systems, a glitch is a short-lived error in a system or machine. A glitch appears as a defect..." (Goriunova & Shulgin, 2008) It is the breakdown and error of systems that produces the opportunity for genuine individuality or subjectivity of the post-modern digital artist. The individual self-expression is reduced to an ironic defect within the greater matrix of social programming and control, but is experienced heroically as overcoming by the person through creative self-identity. The glitch is the spontaneous ecstasy and spark of life referenced by the mythology and fairy tales of Artificial Intelligence in science fiction: the ghost-soul in the machine vs. man as god. The artist is seeking the reflection of singularity through artistic expression, yet to go beyond limits, the software imposed tautology must be transcen ded by the chaos of the glitch. The glitch is the software expression of the human in software through the most fundamental characteristic of modern humanity, human error. This is experienced as the irrationality of the unforseen manifesting in the face of the programmer and engineer’s vision of total control through system design. Yet, as both a symbol and in artistic practice, the glitch represents the synchronicity of a moment irreproducible and inconceivable other than how it appears, randomly, unexpected, captured as a nano-second flash and still-life photograph of quantum mind with all its uncertainty in post-modern awareness. Goriunova & Shulgin chart the meme of the modern Prometheus from Shelley’s Frankenstein as an example of Victorian conceptions of disfunctionality vs. utilitarianism: people, objects, and ideas "sooner or later becoming evil as they stop functioning correctly." (Ibid., p.115) If Frankenstein is the early modernist â€Å"glitch-as-hero,† then the

Relationship Between Knowledge and Belief. What Role Does Experience Essay

Relationship Between Knowledge and Belief. What Role Does Experience and Reason Play in Ensuring our Beliefs Are True - Essay Example What is important to note here is the underlying significance on the shaping up of beliefs. If these beliefs are not given the room to expand within their entireties, there is little one can do in essence. Similarly, experience and reason have got a due role within the relevant scheme of knowledge and beliefs. Experience comes with an understanding that things can be learned with the passage of time. As far as knowledge is concerned, teacher can teach knowledge but he cannot force his own self to change beliefs and opinions which take a long time to change essentially. Knowledge leads to experience after a particular task is worked upon. If the knowledge is not employed in a due capacity, experience will not be deemed as fruitful. Therefore, one must understand the dictum of positive change that shall dawn upon the entirety of an individual who wants to attain knowledge. If the knowledge is acquired, then only experience is derived from the same settings. The role of the teacher is t herefore an important one but it is the guidance that shall lead a student towards deducing what is deemed as a better alternative for him, and what shall not reap any rich dividends for his personality in the coming times. In order to make sure that our beliefs turn out to be true, the role of knowledge and experience working hand in hand with one another is a significant one. This is because both these elements work alongside one another to form up our beliefs which remain quintessential for us no matter how tough the circumstances and situations turn out to be at the end. The gravity of our beliefs is directly related with how our knowledge and experience shape up. This is because the beliefs are affected by the knowledge and experience regimes which are in place and which shall be the basis of comprehension within the related realms (Bratman, Fischer & Perry, 2009). The theory of knowledge is such that it would lead to immense understanding as it paves the way for alternatives a nd options. It gives the people a sense of belongingness and understanding – a fact that has been discussed, analyzed and relearned altogether with the advent of time. The beliefs need to be covered up with experience and knowledge which remain important for an individual until the time he is alive and bringing in value for his own entirety. The manner in which inductive influence comes about is an important one. This is because there is a sense of leading into things when inductive influence comes into the relevant equations. The inductive influence within the dynamics of beliefs comes in from research which is knowledge and the practical demonstration of work that leads up to experience. The mix of the two is indeed the belief that a person acquires and would long to have within his folds. What is significant here is an understanding that things shall be done properly if there is a certain belief behind the very same dictum. This will mean long term success for all and sund ry, an aspect which has been given much emphasis in the recent times by the people who study personalities and their direct and indirect effects and consequences. Therefore philosophy asks of the individuals to manifest their truest selves through understanding, research and practical experience. All of these tenets are given a decent cover under

Informatics of health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informatics of health care - Essay Example -Health initiatives such as WHO Global Observatory, which offered Member States with suitable strategic information and policy on the operational practices and standards pertaining eHealth. World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) has asserted its assurance to offering entree to the world’s health awareness and corresponding telemedicine services. Telemedicine applies in locations of worldwide collaboration in emergency response access and networking among the existing health specialists in order to aid advance quality of life and environmental situations (Scott et al., 2005). Within Europe, e-Health forms a fundamental section of the European Commission e-Europe implementation plan. The plan mainly entails envisage the actual definition of the health data interoperability standards, execution of the prevailing health information networks, e-referral, tele monitoring and telecare. Clinical information system used in the modern healthcare setting has computer-based designs that enable the collection, storage, manipulation, and analysis of clinical information significant in the delivery process. The modern clinical information systems facilitate a coherent availability of clinical data in the repository that store patients record especially illness history and major interactions with the medical care practitioners (Stewart & Catanzaro, 2005). In the clinical information system, the repository are designed to encode information that assist physicians in deciding on how to go about patient’s conditions, wellness activities and treatment options as well as the overall actions undertaken. In addition, other healthcare related information that may assist in performing such activities can also be stored and processed in the system (House of Commons Health Select Committee 2005, p. 2). Clinical information systems have been beneficial in several roles in the healthcare setting such as managerial roles, performing general practitioner delegated tasks,

Provide a balanced discussion of the factors that a medium to large Assignment

Provide a balanced discussion of the factors that a medium to large sized company should consider before adopting an ERP system - Assignment Example Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a process by which a company or manufacturer manages and integrates an important part of his business. In today’s business world, ERP play’s an extensive role in the field of business and information technology. Global strategy leader, Arthur D. Little spoke about ERP and quotes: â€Å"it is conquering the world. Almost every important company is more or less in its hand.† (ERP) There are several kinds of ERP software, but SAP is the most famous and acknowledged one. The acronym of SAP is Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing. It is used around the globe to access the needs of the customers and offer them with widespread range of services and facilities. Leading resource companies such as Comal co Ltd., Sasol Synfuels International (Pty) Ltd. and Sasol Mining (Pty) Ltd effectively use SAP to manage assets, improve productivity and attain better decision-making abilities. ERP has not only helped large global fi rms earn gigantic amounts of revenues but small and medium enterprises also avail this system for procuring profits. It is the invaluable technology tool for the companies to increase productivity, profitability, sales and service. The implementation of ERP system does not limit to the size of the organization but the fact that where the system is implemented. Both developing and developed countries are applying and implementing ERPs. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES INHERIT IN AN ERP SYSTEM: ERP system has brought revolution to the entire framework of supervising industries. ERP system is not a stand-alone system and so, companies that fail to utilize this find themselves difficult to function with each other. It facilitates operational coordination across functional companies. It is important for medium and large scale companies to have complete knowledge of its competitor’s strategy and policies. Not only this, ERP system has a standard of collecting all business areas in one system which would makes it easier for companies to compete on the same benchmark. The foremost advantage of an ERP system is that it saves time and brings down the costs of large corporations. Large firms cannot risk wasting their time in procedural maneuvers and unwanted delays. It ensures quick processing of information and reduces the burden of paperwork. It is difficult to manage large firms without proper records, and so ERP system maintains work effectively with minimum chances of error. ERP system aims for perfection; it keeps track of its order. It serves the customers efficiently by way of prompt response and follow up. Whether it’s the case of queries of the customers or in the payment, ERP system provides them with ease in every procedure and administers them with detailed information. ERP system also excels in accounting applications. It can incorporate the cost, profit, revenue information of sales that are made by the company. It is responsible for altering the product, and upgrading it order to capture a wider audience. It can make amazing quality products by mere design engineering. Large firms are required to have greater security, for which ERP system are considered to be ideal as they are an indispensable tool in the area of security. It protects the company against some considerable crimes such as embezzlement or industrial espionage, thus safeguarding the company from massive losses every year. Large